Over 90% of Major Automakers Adopt Hardware-Preinstalled, Software-Paid Model

Currently, more than 90% of mainstream automakers have adopted a business model involving hardware pre-installation and software-based feature unlocking. Vehicles are typically equipped at the factory with hardware such as LiDAR, high-performance computing chips, and advanced sensors, but higher-tier features remain locked via software. Users must unlock functionalities—including intelligent driving, smart cockpit features, sensor capabilities, and even amenities like seat heating—through monthly or annual subscriptions or a one-time purchase.